How Electric Fish Evolved Their Shocking Skills Independently at Six Different Times

AUSTIN, Texas — New research demonstrates that the six electric fish lineages, all of which evolved independently, used essentially the same genes and developmental and 

cellular pathways to make an electricity-generating organ for defense, predation, navigation and communication.
The work will be published June 27 in the journal Science. The research was led by Michael Sussman of The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Harold Zakon of The University of Texas at Austin and Manoj Samanta of the Systemix Institute in Redmond, Wash.

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